New art

Art nouveau ([aR.nu'vo], of the French new art), called New Art in Portugal, it was an aesthetic style essentially of design and arquitectura that it also influenced the world of the plastic arts. It was related with the movement arts & crafts and that he/she had great prominence during the Belle époque, in the last decades of the century XIX and first decades of the century XX. He/she especially links with to 2nd Industrial Revolution in course in Europe with the exploration of new materials (as the iron and the glass, main elements of the buildings that built second passed the new aesthetics) and the technological progresses in the graphic area, as the technique of the colored lithograph that had great influence in the posters. Due to strong presence of the style in that period, this also received the nickname of modern style (of English, modern style).
The name appeared of a Parisian store (international capital of the movement), call exactly Art nouveau and that sold furniture following the style.
It is characterized by the organic forms, escapism for the Nature, valorização of the handmade work, among others. The movement simbolista also influenced the art nouveau.
It received several names depending on the country in that met: Flower art in England, " Modern Style ", Liberty " or stilo " Floreale " in Italy. The Germans create its own slope of Art Nouveau call Jugendstil.
In Brazil, he/she had fundamental participation in the popularization and accomplishment of the art nouveau Liceu of Arts and Occupations of São Paulo. One of the largest names of that style, in Brazil, is the artísta and designer Eliseu Visconti, pioneer of the design in the Country.
In Portugal, buildings in style new art are particularly common in Aveiro and Caldas of the Queen. In Lisbon, the House - Museum Dr. Anastácio Gonçalves is a good example of the variant Portuguese of the style, as well as in Porto the Café Majestic. In Portugal it was common, more than the architecture, the decoration of facades and interiors with tiles in style new art, as he/she is proven in many buildings of the turning of the centuries XIX and XX.
An aesthetics for the design unlike most of the currents associated to the modernist movement, Art Nouveau was not dominated by the painting. Even the painters more estreitamente related with the style, Toulouse-Lautrec, Pierre Bonnard, Gustav Klimt, created posters and memorable decoration objects. Together with the Arts and Crafts, Art Nouveau was one of the aesthetic styles that prepare the on the way to the modern design.
Art Nouveau modernized the design editorial, the typography and the design of commercial marks; besides standing out for the development of the modern posters. Art Nouveau also revolutionized the fashion design, the use of the fabrics and the furniture, as well as the design of vases and lamparinas Tiffany, glass goods Lalique and you print Liberty.
The colored lithograph became available at the end of the century XIX, facilitating to the designers of the time to work direct in the stone, without the restrictions of the typographic impression, facilitating a freer drawing. That technological progress was a lot of reponsável for the florecimento and diffusion of the poster.
Influence of the Japanese painting Perhaps the main aesthetic influence that inspired the use free from the space graphically went to popularity of the you print Japanese. The Japanese painting valued the space a lot in white of the paper and the precise composition of the figurative elements, besides the movement and graphic texture of the brushstroke. We can notice that direct influence in the composition and drawing, extremely graphs and economic, of Aubrey Beardsley, one of the pioneers of the design (and of the artistic drawing) modern. Besides, the expressividade of the Japanese calligraphy can also have a lot influênciado of Art Nouveau's calligraphy espressiva Art Nouveau's influence Although Art Nouveau is a typical manifestation of the century XIX, they can meet lines of that movement in the posterior graphic design of the century XX. For they demonstrate the continuity of the influence of the style, we can highlight: THE psychedelic style of the years of 1960-70 (to see Milton Glaser). Especially influênciados for Jugendstil.
The typographic family Bookman, the round of Cooper Black and I redraw it of old and ornamented typographies, possible for technological progresses as the fotoletra, fotocomposição and the digital typography.
Although, for a long time, designers educated to the shade of Bauhaus and of the international Style they have criticized Art Nouveau as an aesthetic manifestation excessively ornamental, now it is valued Art Nouveau's historical importance a lot, without belittling its ornamental wealth